General Information

  • ID:  hor000938
  • Uniprot ID:  P09040
  • Protein name:  Drosulfakinin-2
  • Gene name:  Dsk
  • Organism:  Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)
  • Family:  Gastrin/cholecystokinin family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  Up-regulated 24 hours after starvation and then appears to return to normal expression levels 48 hours after nutritional starvation. |Expressed at all developmental stages. |Expressed in larval brain tissue localizing to cells in the anterior and medial p
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  melanogaster subgroup, melanogaster group, Sophophora (subgenus), Drosophila (genus), Drosophilini (tribe), Drosophilinae (subfamily), Drosophilidae (family), Ephydroidea (superfamily), Acalyptratae, Schizophora, Cyclorrhapha, Eremoneura, Muscomorpha (infraorder), Brachycera (suborder), Diptera (order), Endopterygota (cohort), Neoptera (infraclass), Pterygota (subclass), Dicondylia, Insecta (class), Hexapoda (subphylum), Pancrustacea, Mandibulata, Arthropoda (phylum), Panarthropoda, Ecdysozoa, Protostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005184 neuropeptide hormone activity; GO:0071855 neuropeptide receptor binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0002121 inter-male aggressive behavior; GO:0006940 regulation of smooth muscle contraction; GO:0007204 positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; GO:0007218 neuropeptide signaling pathway; GO:0007528 neuromuscular junction development; GO:0008343 adult feeding behavior; GO:0008344 adult locomotory behavior; GO:0008345 larval locomotory behavior; GO:0033555 multicellular organismal response to stress
  • GO CC:  GO:0005575 cellular_component; GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  GGDDQFDDYGHMRF
  • Length:  14
  • Propeptide:  MGPRSCTHFATLFMPLWALAFCFLVVLPIPAQTTSLQNAKDDRRLQELESKIGGEIDQPIANLVGPSFSLFGDRRNQKTMSFGRRVPLISRPIIPIELDLLMDNDDERTKAKRFDDYGHMRFGKRGGDDQFDDYGHMRFGR
  • Signal peptide:  MGPRSCTHFATLFMPLWALAFCFLVVLPIPAQT
  • Modification:  T9 Sulfotyrosine;T14 Phenylalanine amide
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Involved in diverse biological roles including regulating aspects of gut function, satiety and food ingestion, hyperactivity, and aggression (PubMed:17632121, PubMed:24142897, PubMed:25187989). Regulates gut muscle contraction in adults but not in larvae (PubMed:17632121). Functions downstream of TfAP-2 and twz in octopamine signaling pathways to modulate feeding and male aggression (PubMed:24142897, PubMed:25187989). Inhibits consummatory behavior in adults and functions as part of a negative feedback loop with TfAP-2 and twz to prevent overeating; TfAP-2 and twz regulate octopamine signaling to initiate feeding, then octopamine activates expression of Dsk in insulin-producing cells (IPCs) to inhibit feeding (PubMed:25187989).
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  NA
  • Target Unid:  NA
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-P09040-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor000938_AF2.pdbhor000938_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 189178 Formula: C71H94N20O25S
Absent amino acids: ACEIKLNPSTVW Common amino acids: D
pI: 4.02 Basic residues: 2
Polar residues: 4 Hydrophobic residues: 2
Hydrophobicity: -144.29 Boman Index: -4901
Half-Life: 30 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 0
Instability Index: 1007.86 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 1490
Absorbance 280nm: 114.62

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  12171930
  • Title:  Peptidomics of the larval Drosophila melanogaster central nervous system.